現在大傢在進行托福備考時 TPO 托福模考軟件相信是大傢用的最多的工具瞭，對於托福成績的提升是非常有幫助的。托福聽力可以說是整個托福考試當中比較重要的一個部分，如何利用現有資料 TPO 模考軟件來提升大傢的托福成績呢 ? 今天小編在這裡整理瞭 TPO8 托福閱讀 Passage1 原文文本 + 題目 + 答案解析來分享給大傢，希望對大傢托福聽力備考有幫助。
TPO8 托福閱讀 Passage1 原文文本
The Rise of Teotihuac á n
The city of Teotihuac á n, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica ( modern Central America and Mexico ) .
How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuac á n Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuac á n ’ s geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuac á n Valley itself, and the valley ’ s potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint ― for instance, Teotihuac á n ’ s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuac á n ’ s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuac á n ’ s rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuac á n was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D.
It seems likely that Teotihuac á n ’ s natural resources, along with the city elite ’ s ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs ( a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C. ) , and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuac á n. Teotihuac á n obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.
Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuac á n access to a wide variety of exotic good, as well as a relatively prosperous life. Such success may have attracted immigrants to Teotihuac á n. In addition, Teotihuac á n ’ s elite may have consciously attempted to attract new inhabitants. It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C.Teotihuac á n may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine ( or shrines ) may have served as an additional population magnet. Finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fields.
The picture of Teotihuac á n that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidianmining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism. The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to Teotihuac á n. The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuac á n and serve as additions to the labor force. More irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite.
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TPO8 托福閱讀 Passage1 題目
Question 1 of 14
The word "massive " in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. ancient
B. carefully
C. very large
D. carefully protected
Question 2 of 14
In paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city of Teotihuac á n between
A.D. 150 and 700 EXCEPTA. regularly arranged streets
B. several administrative centers spread across the city
C. many manufacturing workshops
D. apartment complexes
Question 3 of 14
The word "pinpoint " in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. identify precisely
B. make an argument for
C. describe
D. understand
Question 4 of 14
The word "ingenuity " in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. ambition
B. sincerity
C. faith
D. cleverness
Question 5 of 14
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in the development of Teotihuac á n?
A. The presence of obsidian in the Teotihuac á n Valley
B. The potential for extensive irrigation of Teotihuac á n Valley lands
C. A long period of volcanic inactivity in the Teotihuac á n Valley
D. Teotihuac á n ’ s location on a natural trade route
Question 6 of 14
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about the Volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
A. They were more frequent than historians once thought.
B. They may have done more damage to Teotihuac á n than to neighboring centers.
C. They may have played a major role in the rise of Teotihuac á n.
D. They increased the need for extensive irrigation in the Teotihuac á n Valley.
Question 7 of 14
What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about Cuicuilco prior to 200 B.C?
A. It was a fairly small city until that date.
B. It was located outside the Valley of Mexico.
C. It emerged rapidly as an economical and political center.
D. Its economy relied heavily on agriculture.
Question 8 of 14
The word "predominant " in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. most aggressive
B. most productive
C. principal
D. earliest
Question 9 of 14
Which of the following allowed Teotihuac á n to have "a competitive edge over its neighbors "?
A. A well-exploited and readily available commodity
B. The presence of a highly stable elite class
C. Knowledge derived directly from the Olmecs about the art of toolmaking
D. Scarce natural resources in nearby areas such as those located in what are now the Guatemalan and Mexican highlands
Question 10 of 14
According to paragraph 4, what has recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites shown?
A. Obsidian ’ s value was understood only when Teotihuac á n became an important city.
B. The residents of Teotihuac á n were sophisticated toolmakers.
C. The residents of Teotihuac á n traded obsidian with the Olmecs as early as 400 B.C.
D. Some of the obsidian used by the Olmecs came from the area around Teotihuac á n.
Question 11 of 14
Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuac á n that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.
A. The prosperity of the elite
B. Plenty of available housing
C. Opportunities for well-paid agricultural employment
D. The presence of one or more religious shrines
Question 12 of 14
In paragraph 6, the author discusses "The thriving obsidian operation " in order to
A. explain why manufacturing was the main industry of Teotihuac á n
B. give an example of an industry that took very little time to develop in Teotihuac á n
C. Illustrate how several factors influenced each other to make Teotihuac á n a powerful and wealthy city
D. explain how a successful industry can be a source of wealth and a source of conflict at the same time
Question 13 of 14
Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?
In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuac á n have been discovered in sites as far away as the Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico..
Question 14 of 14
Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Teotihuac á n was a highly developed city in Mesoamerica that reached its peak between about A.D.150 and 700.
A.The number and sophistication of the architectural, administrative, commercial, and religious features of Teotihuacan indicate the existence of centralized planning and control.
B.Teotihuac á n may have developed its own specific local religion as a result of the cultural advances made possible by the city ’ s great prosperity.
C.As a result of its large number of religious shrines, by the first century A.D., Teotihuacan become the most influential religious center in all of Mesoamerica.
D.Several factors may account for Teotihuac á n ’ s extraordinary development, including its location, rich natural resources, irrigation potential, intelligent elite, and the misfortune of rival communities.
E.In many important areas, from the obsidian industry to religious tourism, Teotihuac á n ’ s success and prosperity typified the classic positive feedback cycle.
F.Although many immigrants settled in Teotihuac á n between A.D.150 and 700, the increasing threat of coerced labor discouraged further settlement and limited Teotihuac á n ’ s population growth.
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TPO8 托福閱讀 Passage1 解析
正確答案：C
題目解析：
massive: 大塊的，大量的。A 是古老的 ;B 是認真的 ;C 是非常大的 ;D 是仔細地保護。所以 C 是正確答案。對應原文：It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. 本句一直在說 T 這個地方的設施，前面的形容詞 great/a large number of 等等都在說這裡的設施規模很大，所以 massive 應該與這些詞的意思接近，A 古老地 B 仔細地 D 保護的好的都不對。
正確答案：B
B EXCEPT 題，排除法。A 的 streets 定位至倒數第三句，正確，不選 ;B 的 administrative centers 定位至倒數第三句，原文說有一個中心，沒說很多，所以 B 錯，選 ;C 的 workshops 定位至倒數第三句，正確，不選 ;D 的 apartment complex 定位至倒數第三句，正確，不選。
正確答案：A
pinpoint: 找到，精確地瞄準。A 是精準地識別 ;B 是提出論點 ;C 是描述 ;D 是理解。所以 A 的 identify precisely 正確。對應原文 :The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint — for instance, Teotihuac á n ’ s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuac á n ’ s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C. 原文中的破折號之後給出瞭很多例子，之前說其他因素起到的作用很難 pinpoint，後文的例子是可能的作用，所以應該是想確定到底是哪個很難。後面的例子已經是描述瞭，所以難描述不對 ; 同樣，例子與理解無關，所以 understood 也不對 ; 原文沒有 argument 的意思，所以 make an argument 完全不靠譜。
正確答案：D
ingenuity: 心靈手巧，精巧。A 是抱負 ;B 是真誠 ;C 是信念 ;D 是聰明。所以 D 的 cleverness 正確。對應原文 :The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint — for instance, Teotihuac á n ’ s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuac á n ’ s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C. 原文與 ingenuity 並列的詞 foresightedness 的意思是先見之明，能與先見之明並列的隻能是聰明瞭，所以 D 正確。
C EXCEPT 題，排除法。A 的 obsidian 定位至第二句，正確，不選 ;B 的 extensive irrigation 定位至第二句，正確，不選 ;C 的 volcanic inactivity 原文沒有對應，所以 C 錯，選 ;D 的 trade route 定位至第二句，正確，不選。
C 以 volcanic eruptions of the late firsr millennium B.C. 做關鍵詞定位至第二段最後一句，這個是諸多 factor 當中的一個，而這些 factor 都是促進 T 城發展的，所以答案是 C。也可以排除法，A 無相關信息 ; 第三段第三句說火山對 T 影響很大，沒跟其他的比較，B 錯 ; 第二段第二句說到瞭 irrigation，但與問題無關，錯。
D 以 Cuicuilco 做關鍵詞定位至第三段第二句，說 Cui 這個地方受火山活動影響，農田被 lava 覆蓋，接著一句就說 Cui 消除瞭，所以沒有農田就沒有 Cui，答案是 D。A 與原文說反，應該是大的，不是小的 ;B 的 outside 和原文中的 in 說反，錯 ;C 中的 rapidly 沒說，錯。
C predominant: 主要的，占顯著優勢的。A 是最激進的 ;B 是多產的，物產豐富的 ;C 是主要的 ;D 是最早的。所以 C 的 principal 主要的正確。pre 表在前，dominant 意思是占優勢的，所以合起來還是占優勢之意。
A 關鍵詞已經劃出，所在句說 natural resourc 給瞭這個地方 edge，然後就用大量筆墨說 obsidian 黑曜石是這裡一種很主要的資源，所以答案是存在 commodity，A 正確 ; 註意 B 項頗具幹擾性，使城市有優勢的不是 elite，是他們對於這種潛力的認識 ;C 完全沒提到 ;D 說到瞭資源，但又說資源是在鄰近的地方，也錯。
D 以 Olmec sites 和 recent research 做關鍵詞定位至倒數第二句，表明 O 獲得一些 obsidian 是產自 T 的，很明顯 D 正確。
正確答案：AD
D 以 immigrants 做關鍵詞定位至第二句，說 such success 是吸引移民的原因，所以一定要看第一句，根據這句能選出答案 A，但註意這道題必須選兩個選項才有分數，所以還要繼續找。第三句開始就是一個 in addition，說明還有原因，說精英階層會有意吸引移民，但這個答案沒有，所以隻能再往下，就看到答案 D，所以 A 和 D 正確，另外兩個都沒說。
功能目的題，往前看，前一句就是本段中心，說 T 的興起是黑曜石開采和其他一系列因素互動的結果，所以 C 正確。A 和 B 徹底沒說，D 中的 conflict 沖突沒說，也不對。
D 四個地名是過渡點，說明正確插入點之前必須有說到位置的，而四個選項中隻有 D 之前有 Mesoamrica，所以答案隻能是 D。排除法也可以，A 之後的代詞 it 指第一句中的主語 T，過渡緊密，不選 ;B 之後的 planning 和 metropolis 對應 B 之前的一系列設施，過渡緊密，不選 ;C 之後的 moreover 與之前過渡緊密，不選。
正確答案：ADE
A.D.E the number 選項對應第一段倒數第二句，正確。Teothihuacan 選項原文沒說，不選。as a result 選項錯，第五段提到瞭 shirine，但隻說它能吸引外來人口，沒說 T 因為這個變得很重要，不選。several 選項對應第二段第一句，正確。in many 選項對應第六段第一句，正確。 although 選項原文沒說，不選。
以上就是小編為大傢整理瞭 TPO8 托福閱讀 Passage1 原文文本 + 題目 + 答案解析，大傢可以邊借助 TPO 模考軟件聽音頻看看自己哪些地方聽不懂，然後來看看原文，同時對練習托福聽力精聽也是很有幫助的。最後，小站教育編輯預祝大傢托福考試能取得理想的成績。
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