托福閱讀如何進行備考 ? 除瞭大量的托福詞匯儲備以外，大傢可能最需要的就是托福閱讀真題的練習。那麼除瞭 TPO 你還有哪些托福閱讀真題進行練習呢 ? 今天小編就為大傢整理瞭托福閱讀真題 100 篇：真菌的文本、題目以及答案，希望可以幫助到大傢。
托福閱讀文本：
Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, in reality they are very different from plants and today they are placed in a separate group altogether. The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates, they obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms. Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugarlike polymer called chitin, the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps,spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself. It is these cellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.
The destructive power of fungi is impressive. They are a major cause of structural damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting. Some fungi can grow at +50 ° C, while others can grow at -5 ° C, so even food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them. On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms. In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin.
托福閱讀題目：
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
( A ) differences between simple and complex fungi
( B ) functions of chlorophyll in plants
( C ) functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cells
( D ) differences between fungi and plants
2. Which of the following is mentioned as a major change in how scientists approach the study of
fungi?
( A ) Fungi are no longer classified as plants
( B ) Some single-cell organisms are no longer classified as fungi.
( C ) New methods of species identification have been introduced
( D ) Theories about the chemical composition of fungi have been revised.
3. The word "principal" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
( A ) true
( B ) main
( C ) logical
( D ) obvious
4.According to the passage , how do fungi obtain carbohydrates?
( A ) The absorb carbohydrates from their own cell walls.
( B ) They synthesize chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates.
( C ) They produce carbohydrates by breaking down chitin.
( D ) They acquire carbohydrates from other organic matter, both living and dead.
5. The passage mentions shrimps, spiders, and insects in line 9 because their skeletons
( A ) can be destroyed by fungi
( B ) have unusual chemical compositions
( C ) contain a material found in the walls of fungal cells
( D ) secrete the same enzymes as the walls of fungal cells do
6. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
( A ) "chlorophyll" ( line 5 )
( B ) "polymer" ( line 8 )
( C ) "hyphae" ( line 12 )
( D ) "enzymes" ( line 14 )
7. The word "those" in line 13 refers to
( A ) tips
( B ) hyphae
( C ) enzymes
( D ) walls
8. Fungi have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
( A ) They grow hyphae.
( B ) They secrete enzymes.
( C ) They synthesize cellulose.
( D ) They destroy crops.
9. The word "Entire" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
( A ) certain
( B ) whole
( C ) mature
( D ) diseased
10. The passage describes the negative effects of fungi on all the following EXCEPT
( A ) buildings
( B ) animals
( C ) food
( D ) soil
11. The phrase "bring about" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
( A ) cause
( B ) join
( C ) take
( D ) include
12. The passage mentions "penicillin" in line 25 as an example of
( A ) a medicine derived from plants
( B ) a beneficial use of fungi
( C ) a product of the relationship between plants and fungi
( D ) a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures.
托福閱讀答案：
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以上就是小編為大傢整理的托福閱讀 100 篇真題練習：真菌的文本、題目以及答案，大傢在托福閱讀考試進行備考的過程當中也可以拿這些題目來進行練習，相信對於你的托福閱讀考試成績提升會很有幫助。最後，小編預祝大傢托福考試能取得理想的成績。
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