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Fish Wars —— Have your fish cake and eat it
漁業之爭：做魚開吃
A silly spat about seafood shows the sort of compromises that Brexit will force
一場關於海產品的愚蠢爭論暴露瞭英國脫歐面臨的問題。
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Britain's fishing industry is a tiddler, contributing less than 0.1% of GDP. But the island nation has great affection for its fleet.
英國的捕魚業是非常小眾的一方面，對英國 GDP 的貢獻不足 0.1%，但是這個島國對他的艦隊有著很深厚的感情。
During last year's Brexit referendum campaign, a flotilla of trawlermen steamed up the Thames to protest against European Union fishing quotas.
在去年的脫歐公投之中，一群拖網漁船工人的小型艦隊出現在泰晤士河上來抗議歐盟的捕魚配額。
On July 2nd Michael Gove, the Brexiteer environment secretary ( who claims that his father's Aberdeen fish business was sunk by EU rules ) , announced that Britain would "take back control" of its waters by unilaterally withdrawing from an international fishing treaty.
7 月 2 日，脫歐支持者的環境部長邁克爾 · 戈夫 ( 他宣稱他父親的阿伯丁魚類生意因歐盟的規定而受創 ) 宣佈，英國將通過單方面退出國際捕魚公約來奪回其對水域的控制權。
Gutting such agreements is strongly supported by coastal communities.
沿岸群眾非常支持退出這類條約。
The pro-Brexit press cheered Mr Gove's bold announcement.
支持脫歐的媒體對戈夫先生大膽的宣佈大加贊揚。
But landing a new deal for British fishermen will be legally complex, expensive to enforce, oblige Britain to observe European rules that it has had no hand in setting and, most likely, leave its businesses and consumers worse off than before.
但是為英國漁民頒佈一條新規定在法律上是非常復雜的，要付出高昂的代價，迫使英國去審視它曾無權置喙的歐盟制定的規定，而且也可能會使漁業和消費者們比以前更糟。
It is, in other words, a case study of the Brexit negotiations as a whole.
也就是說，這是對英國脫歐談判整體的一個案例研究。
The EU's Common Fisheries Policy ( CFP ) was drawn up before Britain joined, to its disadvantage.
《歐盟通用漁業政策》 ( CFP ) 早在英國加入之前就已經制定出來瞭，這雖然令英國處於不利地位。
But membership has allowed Britain to improve the policy.
但是會員的身份使得英國有權改進這項政策。
Countries' quotas are now set on a basis that is more scientific than political.
現在每個國傢的配額依據更多的是基於科學而不是政治。
Unwanted fish can no longer be discarded at sea, which has helped to reverse the depletion of stocks.
沒人要的魚不允許再被隨意的丟進海裡，這有助於扭轉魚類資源耗竭的問題。
Unpicking decades of tangled legal agreements will be harder than it looks.
理清長達數十年間錯綜復雜的法律協議是很困難的。
Mr Gove has initiated Britain's withdrawal from the London Fisheries Convention.
戈夫先生已經發動英國從倫敦漁業協會退會。
But Michel Barnier, the European Commission's Brexit negotiator, argues that this 1964 agreement has since been superseded by the CFP.
但是歐盟委員會的英國脫歐談判官米歇爾 · 巴尼耶認為 1964 年協議已經被 CFP 取代瞭。
Regardless of these conventions, foreign fishermen may claim historic fishing rights going back decades or even centuries.
忽略這些公約的話，外國漁民可能會索要幾十年甚至幾個世紀以前的釣魚權。
Many of them have set up units in Britain to buy quotas from British fishermen.
他們中的許多人已經在英國建立起組織以買英國漁民手中的配額。
Unless the government overturns these property rights by decree, it may face a large compensation bill.
除非政府通過法令廢除這些財產權，否則它將會面臨一大筆索賠。
In any case, Britain will find that, unless it is willing to continue sharing access to its waters, it will lose access to valuable foreign markets.
英國將會發現，無論如何它都會失去珍貴的國外市場，除非它願意分享它的水域。
Consider Norway, which as a non-EU member has control of its own waters.
想想挪威，對於自己的水域有控制權的非歐盟成員。
It nonetheless co-operates with the EU and other countries over fish quotas in 90% of them, in order to maintain its own fishermen's access to fisheries inside the EU.
為瞭維護本國漁民可以進入歐盟內部市場的權益，在 90% 的漁業配額上面它還是要和歐盟以及其他國傢合作。
Of the 700,000 tonnes of fish landed in Britain each year, some 500,000 is exported, two-thirds of it to the EU.
在英國，每年有七十萬噸的魚被打撈上岸，其中大約有五十萬噸出口外國，三分之二發往歐盟。
Without a mutual deal, which would surely include giving European fishermen some access to British waters, those exports would face World Trade Organisation tariffs averaging some 12%.
若未達成一項共同協議，其中肯定包括給予歐洲漁民一些進入英國水域的機會，這些出口將面臨繳納世界貿易組織平均約為 12% 的關稅。
In the past the EU has responded to fishing disputes with Norway and the Faroe islands by banning all imports.
在過去，歐盟會禁止一切進口來應對與挪威和法羅群島的漁業爭端。
British fishermen would soon find that, to borrow a phrase from the Brexiteers, "we need them more than they need us".
英國漁民很快就會發現，借用脫歐支持者的話，" 比起他們需要我們，我們更需要他們 "。
Consumers would notice, too, since most of the fish on British dinner plates is imported.
消費者也會註意到的，因為英國人餐盤裡的魚大多數都是進口的。
A third of it comes from the EU, and British fishermen net about a sixth of their total catch in French, Belgian, Dutch, Danish or Irish waters.
其中三分之一來自於歐盟，英國漁民的漁網捕獲的水產有大約六分之一來自於法國、比利時、荷蘭、丹麥或愛爾蘭的水域。
Britons may decide that they are willing to pay higher prices for the privilege of banning foreign vessels from British waters.
英國人可能決定他們願意取得在英國水域禁止外國船隻的特權，並為之支付更高的代價。
But such a rule would have to be enforced, at extra cost.
但是這樣的法規將不得不付出額外成本強制推行。
The "cod wars" with Iceland in the 1950s-70s saw gunboats deployed to protect fisheries.
在二十世紀五十年代到七十年代，英國與冰島的 " 鱈魚戰爭 " 時，炮艇曾被部署用於保護漁業。
Some Brexiteers would doubtless enjoy such a muscular exertion of sovereignty.
一些脫歐者無疑喜歡這樣展示主權國傢的肌肉。
But for ordinary Britons who, since the referendum, have endured a squeeze on incomes comparable to that during the financial crisis of 2008, the fishing industry is a distraction.
但是對於普通英國人來說，公投後他們已經忍受著幾乎與 2008 年金融危機期間一樣程度的收入下降瞭，所以漁業問題是在轉移視線。
The aviation business is bracing for a hard exit.
航空工業正在準備應對退出後面臨的難關。
The finance industry, which contributes 7% of GDP, is in danger of decamping.
金融行業雖然貢獻瞭 7% 的 GDP，但是卻存在撤出的風險。
Britain's Brexit negotiators have bigger fish to fry.
英國的脫歐談判官有更重要的事要做。
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